# United Kingdom PEN: NET: Borrowing: & overseas (ended 2018) ()

United Kingdom PEN: NET: Borrowing: & overseas (ended 2018) () was down 142.7% year on year in Q4 2018, compared with 321.1% in Q3 2018.
The level stood at −1,646.0 £m.
That is the lowest reading since Q1 2016.
Over the past ten years it has ranged from −3,713.3% (Q2 2010) to 3,013.9% (Q4 2011), averaging −75.8%.

- Source agency: UK Office for National Statistics
- Makrognosis code: `UK.INSTINVEST.Q.NSA.ITEM-GQEC.MEASURE-NETINV.SECTOR-PENSIONS`
- Frequency: quarterly
- Units: £m
- Coverage: 1986-04-01 to 2018-10-01 (131 observations)
- Page: https://makrognosis.robomacro.com/data/united-kingdom/pen-net-borrowing-and-overseas-ended-2018

## Recent data

| Period | Value | Y/Y % |
|---|---:|---:|
| Q4 2018 | −1,646.0 £m | −142.7 |
| Q3 2018 | 10,421 £m | 321.1 |
| Q2 2018 | −2,642.0 £m | −139.9 |
| Q1 2018 | 2,529.0 £m | 226.3 |
| Q4 2017 | 3,858.0 £m | — |
| Q3 2017 | 2,475.0 £m | −20.2 |
| Q2 2017 | 6,627.0 £m | −40.8 |
| Q1 2017 | 775.0 £m | — |
| Q4 2016 | −83.00 £m | −102.8 |
| Q3 2016 | 3,101.0 £m | −37.8 |
| Q2 2016 | 11,195 £m | 228.8 |
| Q1 2016 | −7,407.0 £m | −1,255.5 |
| Q4 2015 | 2,973.0 £m | — |
| Q3 2015 | 4,987.0 £m | — |
| Q2 2015 | 3,405.0 £m | −36.0 |
| Q1 2015 | 641.0 £m | −91.8 |
| Q4 2014 | −1,273.0 £m | −158.4 |
| Q3 2014 | −742.0 £m | −120.6 |
| Q2 2014 | 5,318.0 £m | — |
| Q1 2014 | 7,782.0 £m | 244.6 |
| Q4 2013 | 2,179.0 £m | 77.6 |
| Q3 2013 | 3,599.0 £m | 130.6 |
| Q2 2013 | −2,589.0 £m | −286.4 |
| Q1 2013 | 2,258.0 £m | −26.3 |

## API

```
curl -H "X-API-Key: $MAKROGNOSIS_KEY" \
  "https://makrognosis.robomacro.com/v1/series/UK.INSTINVEST.Q.NSA.ITEM-GQEC.MEASURE-NETINV.SECTOR-PENSIONS"

# Python
import requests
r = requests.get("https://makrognosis.robomacro.com/v1/series/UK.INSTINVEST.Q.NSA.ITEM-GQEC.MEASURE-NETINV.SECTOR-PENSIONS",
                 headers={"X-API-Key": KEY})
obs = r.json()["observations"]
```