# United Kingdom PEN: EXP: Refunds of contributions gross of income tax (ended 2018) ()

United Kingdom PEN: EXP: Refunds of contributions gross of income tax (ended 2018) () was down 39.3% year on year in Q4 2018, compared with 5.9% in Q3 2018.
The level stood at 17.00 £m.
That is the lowest reading since Q3 2014.
Over the past ten years it has ranged from −77.8% (Q3 2014) to 321.4% (Q1 2018), averaging 21.9%.

- Source agency: UK Office for National Statistics
- Makrognosis code: `UK.INSTINVEST.Q.NSA.ITEM-RKQQ.MEASURE-EXPENSE.SECTOR-PENSIONS`
- Frequency: quarterly
- Units: £m
- Coverage: 1992-01-01 to 2018-10-01 (108 observations)
- Page: https://makrognosis.robomacro.com/data/united-kingdom/pen-exp-refunds-of-contributions-gross-of-income-tax-ended-2018

## Recent data

| Period | Value | Y/Y % |
|---|---:|---:|
| Q4 2018 | 17.00 £m | −39.3 |
| Q3 2018 | 18.00 £m | 5.9 |
| Q2 2018 | 14.00 £m | −12.5 |
| Q1 2018 | 59.00 £m | 321.4 |
| Q4 2017 | 28.00 £m | 64.7 |
| Q3 2017 | 17.00 £m | 70.0 |
| Q2 2017 | 16.00 £m | 60.0 |
| Q1 2017 | 14.00 £m | −17.6 |
| Q4 2016 | 17.00 £m | −5.6 |
| Q3 2016 | 10.00 £m | −28.6 |
| Q2 2016 | 10.00 £m | −16.7 |
| Q1 2016 | 17.00 £m | 21.4 |
| Q4 2015 | 18.00 £m | 20.0 |
| Q3 2015 | 14.00 £m | 133.3 |
| Q2 2015 | 12.00 £m | 200.0 |
| Q1 2015 | 14.00 £m | 55.6 |
| Q4 2014 | 15.00 £m | −11.8 |
| Q3 2014 | 6.00 £m | −77.8 |
| Q2 2014 | 4.00 £m | −42.9 |
| Q1 2014 | 9.00 £m | 0.0 |
| Q4 2013 | 17.00 £m | 54.5 |
| Q3 2013 | 27.00 £m | 170.0 |
| Q2 2013 | 7.00 £m | −22.2 |
| Q1 2013 | 9.00 £m | −25.0 |

## API

```
curl -H "X-API-Key: $MAKROGNOSIS_KEY" \
  "https://makrognosis.robomacro.com/v1/series/UK.INSTINVEST.Q.NSA.ITEM-RKQQ.MEASURE-EXPENSE.SECTOR-PENSIONS"

# Python
import requests
r = requests.get("https://makrognosis.robomacro.com/v1/series/UK.INSTINVEST.Q.NSA.ITEM-RKQQ.MEASURE-EXPENSE.SECTOR-PENSIONS",
                 headers={"X-API-Key": KEY})
obs = r.json()["observations"]
```