# United Kingdom PEN: BAL: Commercial paper issued by companies (ended 2018) ()

United Kingdom PEN: BAL: Commercial paper issued by companies (ended 2018) () was up 153.3% year on year in Q4 2018, compared with 195.2% in Q3 2018.
The level stood at 4,187.0 £m.
That is the lowest reading since Q4 2017.
Over the past ten years it has ranged from −79.0% (Q2 2014) to 251.4% (Q2 2015), averaging 50.7%.

- Source agency: UK Office for National Statistics
- Makrognosis code: `UK.INSTINVEST.Q.NSA.ITEM-GQFR.MEASURE-BALANCE.SECTOR-PENSIONS`
- Frequency: quarterly
- Units: £m
- Coverage: 1986-01-01 to 2018-10-01 (132 observations)
- Page: https://makrognosis.robomacro.com/data/united-kingdom/pen-bal-commercial-paper-issued-by-companies-ended-2018

## Recent data

| Period | Value | Y/Y % |
|---|---:|---:|
| Q4 2018 | 4,187.0 £m | 153.3 |
| Q3 2018 | 3,271.0 £m | 195.2 |
| Q2 2018 | 4,170.0 £m | 223.8 |
| Q1 2018 | 2,926.0 £m | 188.3 |
| Q4 2017 | 1,653.0 £m | 29.3 |
| Q3 2017 | 1,108.0 £m | −6.8 |
| Q2 2017 | 1,288.0 £m | 32.0 |
| Q1 2017 | 1,015.0 £m | −11.3 |
| Q4 2016 | 1,278.0 £m | 131.9 |
| Q3 2016 | 1,189.0 £m | 121.0 |
| Q2 2016 | 976.0 £m | −4.2 |
| Q1 2016 | 1,144.0 £m | 55.4 |
| Q4 2015 | 551.0 £m | 92.7 |
| Q3 2015 | 538.0 £m | 77.0 |
| Q2 2015 | 1,019.0 £m | 251.4 |
| Q1 2015 | 736.0 £m | 69.2 |
| Q4 2014 | 286.0 £m | −14.4 |
| Q3 2014 | 304.0 £m | −44.5 |
| Q2 2014 | 290.0 £m | −79.0 |
| Q1 2014 | 435.0 £m | −65.7 |
| Q4 2013 | 334.0 £m | −73.4 |
| Q3 2013 | 548.0 £m | −52.2 |
| Q2 2013 | 1,381.0 £m | 51.8 |
| Q1 2013 | 1,270.0 £m | 20.7 |

## API

```
curl -H "X-API-Key: $MAKROGNOSIS_KEY" \
  "https://makrognosis.robomacro.com/v1/series/UK.INSTINVEST.Q.NSA.ITEM-GQFR.MEASURE-BALANCE.SECTOR-PENSIONS"

# Python
import requests
r = requests.get("https://makrognosis.robomacro.com/v1/series/UK.INSTINVEST.Q.NSA.ITEM-GQFR.MEASURE-BALANCE.SECTOR-PENSIONS",
                 headers={"X-API-Key": KEY})
obs = r.json()["observations"]
```