# United Kingdom PEN: BAL: Borrowing: & overseas (ended 2018) ()

United Kingdom PEN: BAL: Borrowing: & overseas (ended 2018) () was up 14.5% year on year in Q4 2018, compared with 25.4% in Q3 2018.
The level stood at 68,344 £m.
Over the past ten years it has ranged from −80.3% (Q2 2010) to 325.0% (Q2 2012), averaging 43.7%.

- Source agency: UK Office for National Statistics
- Makrognosis code: `UK.INSTINVEST.Q.NSA.ITEM-GQED.MEASURE-BALANCE.SECTOR-PENSIONS`
- Frequency: quarterly
- Units: £m
- Coverage: 1986-01-01 to 2018-10-01 (132 observations)
- Page: https://makrognosis.robomacro.com/data/united-kingdom/pen-bal-borrowing-and-overseas-ended-2018

## Recent data

| Period | Value | Y/Y % |
|---|---:|---:|
| Q4 2018 | 68,344 £m | 14.5 |
| Q3 2018 | 69,990 £m | 25.4 |
| Q2 2018 | 59,569 £m | 11.7 |
| Q1 2018 | 62,211 £m | 33.2 |
| Q4 2017 | 59,682 £m | 29.9 |
| Q3 2017 | 55,824 £m | 21.3 |
| Q2 2017 | 53,349 £m | 24.3 |
| Q1 2017 | 46,722 £m | 47.2 |
| Q4 2016 | 45,947 £m | 17.4 |
| Q3 2016 | 46,030 £m | 27.3 |
| Q2 2016 | 42,929 £m | 37.7 |
| Q1 2016 | 31,734 £m | 14.2 |
| Q4 2015 | 39,141 £m | 44.2 |
| Q3 2015 | 36,168 £m | 27.3 |
| Q2 2015 | 31,181 £m | 7.0 |
| Q1 2015 | 27,776 £m | 16.5 |
| Q4 2014 | 27,135 £m | 69.1 |
| Q3 2014 | 28,408 £m | 104.8 |
| Q2 2014 | 29,150 £m | 183.8 |
| Q1 2014 | 23,832 £m | 85.3 |
| Q4 2013 | 16,050 £m | 51.4 |
| Q3 2013 | 13,871 £m | 47.9 |
| Q2 2013 | 10,272 £m | 31.4 |
| Q1 2013 | 12,861 £m | 100.1 |

## API

```
curl -H "X-API-Key: $MAKROGNOSIS_KEY" \
  "https://makrognosis.robomacro.com/v1/series/UK.INSTINVEST.Q.NSA.ITEM-GQED.MEASURE-BALANCE.SECTOR-PENSIONS"

# Python
import requests
r = requests.get("https://makrognosis.robomacro.com/v1/series/UK.INSTINVEST.Q.NSA.ITEM-GQED.MEASURE-BALANCE.SECTOR-PENSIONS",
                 headers={"X-API-Key": KEY})
obs = r.json()["observations"]
```