# United Kingdom INS: LT: EXP: Tax expense: authorities (ended 2018) ()

United Kingdom INS: LT: EXP: Tax expense: authorities (ended 2018) () was −690.0 £m in 2018, down 121.6% from 2017.
That is the lowest reading since 2008.
Over the past ten years it has ranged from −4,501.0 £m (2008) to 3,742.0 £m (2016), averaging 1,399.7 £m.

- Source agency: UK Office for National Statistics
- Makrognosis code: `UK.INSTINVEST.A.NSA.ITEM-RKES.MEASURE-LONGTERMINS.SECTOR-INSURANCE`
- Frequency: annual
- Units: £m
- Coverage: 1986-01-01 to 2018-01-01 (33 observations)
- Page: https://makrognosis.robomacro.com/data/united-kingdom/ins-lt-exp-tax-expense-authorities-ended-2018

## Recent data

| Period | Value |
|---|---:|
| 2018 | −690.0 £m |
| 2017 | 3,199.0 £m |
| 2016 | 3,742.0 £m |
| 2015 | 1,649.0 £m |
| 2014 | 2,868.0 £m |
| 2013 | 1,668.0 £m |
| 2012 | 1,743.0 £m |
| 2011 | 1,100.0 £m |
| 2010 | 2,230.0 £m |
| 2009 | 2,389.0 £m |
| 2008 | −4,501.0 £m |
| 2007 | 1,030.0 £m |
| 2006 | 2,376.0 £m |
| 2005 | 3,531.0 £m |
| 2004 | 2,663.0 £m |
| 2003 | 1,735.0 £m |
| 2002 | −1,450.0 £m |
| 2001 | −886.0 £m |
| 2000 | 2,646.0 £m |
| 1999 | 3,689.0 £m |
| 1998 | 3,923.0 £m |
| 1997 | 3,401.0 £m |
| 1996 | 2,556.0 £m |
| 1995 | 1,995.0 £m |

## API

```
curl -H "X-API-Key: $MAKROGNOSIS_KEY" \
  "https://makrognosis.robomacro.com/v1/series/UK.INSTINVEST.A.NSA.ITEM-RKES.MEASURE-LONGTERMINS.SECTOR-INSURANCE"

# Python
import requests
r = requests.get("https://makrognosis.robomacro.com/v1/series/UK.INSTINVEST.A.NSA.ITEM-RKES.MEASURE-LONGTERMINS.SECTOR-INSURANCE",
                 headers={"X-API-Key": KEY})
obs = r.json()["observations"]
```