# United Kingdom INS: GEN: EXP: Tax expense: authorities (ended 2018) ()

United Kingdom INS: GEN: EXP: Tax expense: authorities (ended 2018) () was 178.0 £m in 2018, down 64.0% from 2017.
That is the lowest reading since 2010.
Over the past ten years it has ranged from −529.0 £m (2008) to 916.0 £m (2012), averaging 381.1 £m.

- Source agency: UK Office for National Statistics
- Makrognosis code: `UK.INSTINVEST.A.NSA.ITEM-RKGR.MEASURE-GENERAL.SECTOR-INSURANCE`
- Frequency: annual
- Units: £m
- Coverage: 1986-01-01 to 2018-01-01 (33 observations)
- Page: https://makrognosis.robomacro.com/data/united-kingdom/ins-gen-exp-tax-expense-authorities-ended-2018

## Recent data

| Period | Value |
|---|---:|
| 2018 | 178.0 £m |
| 2017 | 494.0 £m |
| 2016 | 801.0 £m |
| 2015 | 413.0 £m |
| 2014 | 718.0 £m |
| 2013 | 533.0 £m |
| 2012 | 916.0 £m |
| 2011 | 325.0 £m |
| 2010 | −63.00 £m |
| 2009 | 406.0 £m |
| 2008 | −529.0 £m |
| 2007 | 658.0 £m |
| 2006 | 1,261.0 £m |
| 2005 | 1,561.0 £m |
| 2004 | 1,005.0 £m |
| 2003 | 449.0 £m |
| 2002 | −396.0 £m |
| 2001 | −131.0 £m |
| 2000 | −232.0 £m |
| 1999 | 298.0 £m |
| 1998 | 824.0 £m |
| 1997 | 1,124.0 £m |
| 1996 | 575.0 £m |
| 1995 | 949.0 £m |

## API

```
curl -H "X-API-Key: $MAKROGNOSIS_KEY" \
  "https://makrognosis.robomacro.com/v1/series/UK.INSTINVEST.A.NSA.ITEM-RKGR.MEASURE-GENERAL.SECTOR-INSURANCE"

# Python
import requests
r = requests.get("https://makrognosis.robomacro.com/v1/series/UK.INSTINVEST.A.NSA.ITEM-RKGR.MEASURE-GENERAL.SECTOR-INSURANCE",
                 headers={"X-API-Key": KEY})
obs = r.json()["observations"]
```